Internal and marginal fit and fracture strength of narrow diameter dental implant-abutment assembly

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the internal and vertical marginal fit of metallic copings to abutments and the fracture strength of different narrow diameter dental implant/abutments, either submitted to thermomechanical cycling or not. Sixty-four implant/abutments (n=16) were divided into 4 groups according to diameter and abutment type: G3.5-UAC (morse taper implant Ø3.5mm + universal abutment with beveled chamfer finish); G2.9-UAS (morse taper implant Ø2.9mm + universal abutment with shoulder finish); G2.8-AA (morse taper friction implant Ø2.8mm + anatomical abutment) and G2.5-HP (one-piece implant Ø2.5mm with indexed hexagonal platform). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=8): submitted and not submitted to thermomechanical cycling (TMC). To assess internal and vertical marginal fit of metallic copings, the assemblies were scanned using microtomography (micro-CT) (n=5). The samples were subjected to the compressive strength test on a universal test machine. Group G3.5-UAC showed the highest marginal misfit regardless of TMC (p<0.05). All other groups were similar after TMC. Group G2.8-AA showed the lowest internal misfit both with and without TMC (p<0.05). Group G2.8-AA showed the highest fracture strength, similar only to G2.5-HP without TMC and G3.5-UAC with TMC. The type of abutment affects the internal and marginal fit of metallic copings and the anatomical abutment led to the best internal and marginal coping fit. The narrow diameter dental implant/abutments differ in terms of fracture strength, the strongest assembly was that composed by implant of type V grade titanium without internal threads (friction implant).

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal e interna de cópings metálicos em pilares sobre implantes, e a resistência a fratura de diferentes conjuntos de implantes/pilares de diâmetro reduzido, submetidos à ciclagem termomecânica ou não. Sessenta e quatro implantes/pilares (n=16) foram divididos em 04 grupos de acordo com o tipo de pilar e diâmetro do implante: G3.5-UAC (implante cone morse Ø3.5mm + munhão universal com término em chanfro); G2.9-UAS (implante cone morse Ø2.9mm + munhão universal com término em ombro); G2.8-AA (implante cone morse friccional Ø2.8mm + munhão anatômico); e G2.5-HP (implante de corpo único de Ø2.5mm com plataforma hexagonal indexada). Cada grupo foi dividio em dois subgrupos (n=8): submetidos ou não à ciclagem termomecânica (TMC). As amostras foram escaneadas por microtomografia (micro-CT) para avaliar a adaptação interna e marginal vertical dos copings metálicos. As amostras foram submetidas à resistência à compressão em uma maquina de ensaios universal. O grupo G3.5-UAC apresentou os maiores valores de desadaptação marginal independentemente da TMC (p<0,05). Todos os outros grupos foram similares entre si após TMC. O grupo G2.8-AA demonstrou o menor desajuste interno independentemente de TMC (p<0,05). O grupo G2.8-AA demonstrou a maior resistência à fratura, similar apenas ao grupo G2.5-HP sem TMC e G3.5-UAC com TMC. O tipo de pilar influencia a adaptação interna e marginal vertical de copings metálicos. O grupo do pilar anatômico (sem entalhes na superfície) levou à melhor adaptação, enquanto o grupo com plataforma expandida hexagonal e os grupos com munhão universal (com entalhes na superfície) proporcionaram os maiores desajustes (especialmente com termino em chanfro). Os implantes/pilares de diâmetro reduzido diferem em termos de resistencia à fratura, sendo que o conjunto mais resistente foi aquele composto por titânio tipo V e sem roscas internas (implante friccional).

Different fabrication techniques of implant-supported prostheses: microhardness and fracture strength

Aim: This study evaluated the mechanical behavior of implant-supported crowns obtained by different fabrication technique after thermomechanical cycling. Methods: Thirty-two external hexagon dental implants were divided into four groups (n=10): CC ­ conventional casting with torch; EI ­ electromagnetic induction casting; PL ­ plasma casting; and CAD-CAM ­ milling through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Vickers microhardness of the specimens were made before and after the thermomechanical cycling, and then subjected to fracture load. Fracture pattern was evaluated. Results: No significant difference was observed comparing the microhardness before and after thermomechanical cycling. CAD-CAM group presented significant lower microhardness than the other groups. No significant statistical difference was showed on fracture load between the groups. The CAD-CAM and PL presented lower number of failure by plastic deformation. Conclusion: The manufacturing techniques affected the mechanical behavior and the failure pattern of implant-supported crowns tested

Fracture toughness of three heat pressed ceramic systems

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate fracture toughness by indentation method of three dental ceramics processed by heat pressing. The ceramics evaluated were fluorapatite glass ceramic (ZIR), glass ceramic containing leucite (POM) and leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (EMP). Materials and methods: Ninety disks (13mm of diameter x 4mm of thickness) and nine rectangular specimens (25x4x2mm) were made to evaluate, respectively, microhardness/fracture toughness (n=30) and elastic modulus (n=3). Samples were obtained by pressing ceramic into refractory molds. After polishing, Vickers microhardness was evaluated under 4,904N load for 20s. Elastic modulus was measured by impulse excitation technique. Data from microhardness and elastic modulus were used to calculate fracture toughness, after measuring crack length under 19,6N load applied for 20s. Results were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey´s test. Results: Microhardness (VHN) of POM (637.9±53.6) was statistically greater (p<0.05) than ZIR (593.0±14.3), followed by EMP (519.1±21.5); no significant difference (p=0.206) was noted for elastic modulus (GPa) (ZIR: 71.5±9.0; POM: 67.3±4.4; EMP: 61.7±2.3). Fracture toughness (MPa/m) of POM (0.873±0.066) was statistically lower (p<0.05) than ZIR (0.977±0.021) and EMP (0.965±0.035). Conclusion: The results suggest that fluorapatite glass ceramic (ZIR) and leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (EMP) processed by heat pressing presented greater fracture toughness, improving clinical prognosis of metal free restorations

As ligas odontológicas determinam a escolha das resinas compostas a serem utilizadas: desgaste de ligas odontológicas contra resinas compostas / The dental alloys determine the choice of composite resins to be used: wear of dental alloys against composite resins

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência ao desgaste de duas resinas compostas contra ligas alternativas. Materiais e Métodos: Quinze amostras de corpo cônico foram obtidas das resinas Z250 e charisma (CHA). As amostras foram divididas em três grupos de acordo com o disco da liga a ser utilizada como antagonista: NíquelCromo (Ni-Cr), Cobalto-Cromo (Co-Cr) e titânio comercialmente puro (Ti cp). Os testes de desgaste foram realizados na velocidade de 265 ciclos/minuto e distância de 10mm, totalizando 40.000 ciclos. Antes e após os testes de desgaste, as amostras foram pesadas e tiveram seu perfil desenhado em projetor de perfil para avaliar a perda de peso e de altura, respectivamente. Resultados: Para a perda de peso e de altura, o desgaste de Z250 foi menor do que CHA para o antagonista de Co-Cr, mas maior para o Ti cp. CHA apresenta superfície mais regular, sem fendas, e aspecto semelhante para todos os antagonistas. Z250 apresentou algumas fendas, principalmente contra Ti cp e Ni-Cr. Conclusão: Baseado nos resultados deste estudo, concluiu-se que CHA é mais apropriada contra Ti cp, e Z250 para associação com liga de Co-Cr enquanto qualquer resina composta pode ser utilizada contra Ni-Cr. (AU)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate wear resistance of two composites resins against alternative alloys. Material and Methods: Fifteen stylus tips samples of composite resin were obtained for each resin Z250 and charisma (CHA). Samples were divided into three groups according to the disk of alloy to be used as antagonist: NickelChromium (Ni-Cr), Cobalt- Chromium (Co-Cr) and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti). Wear tests were performed at a speed of 265 cycles/min and distance of 10mm, in a total of 40,000 cycles. Before and after wear tests, samples were weighed and had their profile designed in an optical comparator to evaluate weight and height loss, respectively. Results: For weight and height loss, wear of Z250 was lower than CHA for Co-Cr antagonist, but greater for cp Ti. CHA presents a more regular surface without cracks and similar aspect for all antagonists. Z250 showed some cracks, mainly against cp Ti and Ni-Cr. Conclusion: Within the results of the present study, it was concluded that CHA is suitable against cp Ti, and Z250 for association with Co-Cr alloy while any composite resin can be used against Ni-Cr.(AU)

In Vitro Fit and Cementation Resistance of Provisional Crowns for Single Implant-Supported Restorations

Abstract: This study aimed to verify marginal fit and the effect of cement film thickness standardization on retention of provisional crowns made with prefabricated acrylic cylinders on abutments, using two temporary luting agents subjected or not to mechanical cycling. Provisional crowns were made from bis-acryl (Luxatemp Fluorescence) or methyl methacrylate (Duralay) resins on acrylic cylinders and marginal fit and cement film thickness were evaluated. For retention evaluation, crowns were cemented with two temporary luting agents: non-eugenol zinc oxide (Tempbond NE) or calcium hydroxide-based (Hydcal) cements and subjected to tensile strength in a universal testing machine. After cleaning, debonded crowns were cemented again, subjected to mechanical cycling and retention was reassessed. The results of marginal fit and cement film thickness were analyzed by Student's t-test while retention of cements before and after mechanical cycling was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Methyl methacrylate crowns presented greater marginal misfit (p=0.001) and occlusal cement film thickness (p=0.003) than the bis-acryl ones. No difference was observed at axial cement film thickness (p=0.606). Resins (p=0.281) did not affect crown retention, but luting agents (p=0.029) and mechanical cycling (p=0.027) showed significant effects. The only significant interaction was mechanical cycling*luting agents, which means that luting agents were differently affected by mechanical cycling (p=0.002). In conclusion, the results showed that bis-acryl resin associated to calcium-hydroxide luting agent provided the best retention and lower cement thickness.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal e o efeito da espessura da camada de cimento na retenção de coroas provisórias fixadas sobre os pilares com o auxílio de cilindros acrílicos pré-fabricados, utilizando dois cimentos provisórios submetidos ou não à ciclagem mecânica. Coroas provisórias foram confeccionadas com resina bis-acrilíca (Luxatemp Flourescence) ou resina à base de metil metacrilato (Duralay) sobre os cilindros, para posterior avaliação da influência das diferentes resinas na adaptação marginal e na espessura da linha do cimento. Para a avaliação da resistência à tração, as coroas foram cimentadas com dois cimentos provisórios: à base de óxido de zinco sem eugenol (Temp Bond NE) ou hidróxido de cálcio (Hydcal) e submetidas ao teste de tração em máquina universal de ensaio. Após o ensaio, as coroas foram limpas e novamente cimentadas para serem submetidas à ciclagem mecânica e posterior avaliação da resistência à tração. Os resultados obtidos para adaptação marginal e espessura do cimento foram analisados pelo teste t de Student, enquanto os resultados de resistência à cimentação antes e após a ciclagem mecânica foram analisados pelo modelo linear de efeitos mistos. As coroas confeccionadas com a resina de metil metacrilato apresentaram maiores valores para desadaptação marginal (p=0,001) e espessura do cimento (p=0,003) na parede oclusal quando comparadas com as coroas de resina bis-acrílica. Não houve diferença na espessura do cimento (p=0,606) na parede axial das coroas provisórias. As diferentes resinas não afetaram a resistência à cimentação das coroas (p=0,281), mas os diferentes cimentos (p=0,029) e a ciclagem mecânica (p=0,027) mostraram efeitos significantes. A única interação significante foi ciclagem mecânica ?#61482; agente cimentante, o que significa que os cimentos foram diferentemente afetados pela ciclagem mecânica (p=0,002). Em conclusão, a associação resina bis-acrílíca e cimento de hidróxido de cálcio proporcionou melhor resistência à tração e menor espessura de cimento.